Some common risk factors are genetic, environmental, infectious agents, premature birth or low birth weight, immunodeficiency, lifestyle, socioeconomic, etc.

Some common signs and symptoms are, 

• Fever
• Fatigue and lethargy
• Poor growth and weight gain
• Respiratory symptoms
• Gastrointestinal symptoms
• Skin changes
• Neurological symptoms

Taking your child to the pediatrician for routine check-ups and healthcare from birth through childhood is generally suggested. However, if your child's pediatrician diagnoses a condition that needs surgery, he/she will recommend you visit a pediatric surgeon.

A pediatrician is a medical doctor specializing in treating infants, children, and adolescents. They focus on children's general health and well-being, including vaccinations, monitoring growth and development, diagnosing and treating common childhood illnesses, routine check-ups, guiding behavior, nutrition, and preventive care.

A doctor who excels at performing surgical procedures on infants, children, and adolescents is called a pediatric surgeon. They have expertise in most advanced surgical interventions specific to pediatric patients. 

Some common pediatric conditions are appendicitis, congenital heart defects, hernias, intestinal obstruction, clubfoot, pediatric tumors, etc.

Some common tests for pediatric conditions are endoscopy, laboratory tests, X-ray, biopsy, endoscopy, fluoroscopy, etc.

Some common treatments are appendectomy, congenital heart defect repair, orthopedic surgery, hernia repair, oncologic surgery, pediatric urologic surgery, neurosurgery, tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, etc.